Musculoskeletal ultrasound findings of articular manifestations on juvenile primary sjogren’s syndrome

Introduction Articular manifestations (joint swelling, joint tenderness) are common extra-glandular manifestations of primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SjS). In past studies those have been reported that anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) is associated with arthritis in adult SjS and that there is no clear method to distinguish arthritis of primary SjS from early rheumatoid arthritis, but there is no report on children. Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) can clearly evaluate arthritis or enthesitis which are difficult to assess in detail by only physical examination.